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Indian Digital Personal Data Protection Act

View Law Text
Maximum Fine
₹250 Crore
Scope
National
Regulator
DPBI
Enacted
2023

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Overview

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDP) establishes comprehensive requirements for the processing of personal data in India, introducing modern data protection standards and enforcement mechanisms.

Key Facts

  • Enacted in 2023
  • Enforced by Data Protection Board of India
  • Includes data localization requirements

Key Principles

Lawful Processing

Personal data must be processed lawfully and with valid consent.

Requirements

  • Obtain explicit consent
  • Identify legal basis
  • Document processing grounds
  • Regular compliance reviews
  • Maintain consent records

Examples

  • Consent mechanisms
  • Legal basis documentation
  • Processing records
  • Compliance reports

Purpose Limitation

Data must be collected for specified and legitimate purposes.

Requirements

  • Define clear purposes
  • Document purposes
  • Limit processing scope
  • Regular reviews
  • Update as needed

Examples

  • Purpose statements
  • Processing records
  • Review documentation
  • Update logs

Data Security

Implementation of appropriate security measures to protect personal data.

Requirements

  • Implement security controls
  • Regular risk assessments
  • Staff training
  • Incident response plans
  • Security monitoring

Examples

  • Security policies
  • Training programs
  • Incident procedures
  • Monitoring systems

Compliance Requirements

Data Fiduciary Obligations

Obligations for organizations acting as data fiduciaries under the DPDP.

Implementation Steps

  • Implement privacy by design
  • Conduct processing impact assessments
  • Maintain processing records
  • Ensure data accuracy
  • Implement security safeguards

Required Documentation

  • Design documentation
  • Impact assessments
  • Processing records
  • Security policies
  • Audit trails

Cross-Border Transfers

Requirements for transferring personal data outside India.

Implementation Steps

  • Assess transfer requirements
  • Implement transfer safeguards
  • Obtain necessary approvals
  • Document transfers
  • Monitor compliance

Required Documentation

  • Transfer assessments
  • Safeguard documentation
  • Approval records
  • Transfer logs
  • Monitoring reports

Enforcement & Penalties

Administrative Penalties

The Data Protection Board of India can impose significant administrative penalties for violations.

Penalty Categories

Severe Violations
Up to ₹250 Crore
For serious breaches of data protection requirements
Non-Compliance
Up to ₹50 Crore
For failure to implement required measures
Notification Failures
Up to ₹20 Crore
For failure to report data breaches

Example Cases

Hypothetical Case 1
₹200 Crore
2024 - Major data breach affecting millions of users
Hypothetical Case 2
₹40 Crore
2024 - Failure to implement adequate security measures

Additional Measures

The Board can impose various corrective measures beyond monetary penalties.

Penalty Categories

Processing Bans
Temporary or Permanent
Suspension of data processing activities
Mandatory Changes
Compliance Orders
Required modifications to processing activities
Public Notices
Publication
Public disclosure of violations

Example Cases

Hypothetical Case 3
Processing Ban
2024 - Ordered to cease non-compliant data collection
Hypothetical Case 4
Compliance Order
2024 - Required to implement additional safeguards